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1995-07-25
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2,509 lines
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
These messages are classified as follows (listed in
increasing order of desperation):
(W) A warning (optional).
(D) A deprecation (optional).
(S) A severe warning (mandatory).
(F) A fatal error (trappable).
(P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
(X) A very fatal error (non-trappable).
Optional warnings are enabled by using the ----wwww switch.
Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator.
See the eval entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
denoted with a %s, just as in a printf format. Note that
some message start with a %s! The symbols "%-?@ sort before
the letters, while [ and \ sort after.
(F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so
it doesn't make sense to try to declare one with a
package qualifier on the front. Use _l_o_c_a_l() if you
want to localize a package variable.
(F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at
compile time, and returns no useful value. See the
_p_e_r_l_m_o_d manpage.
(F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at
compile time, and returns no useful value. See the
_p_e_r_l_m_o_d manpage.
% may only be used in unpack
(F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum,
since the checksumming process loses information, and
you can't go the other way. See the unpack entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
%s (...) interpreted as function
(W) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list
operator followed by parentheses turns into a function,
with all the list operators arguments found inside the
parens. See the section on _T_e_r_m_s _a_n_d _L_i_s_t _O_p_e_r_a_t_o_r_s
(_L_e_f_t_w_a_r_d) in the _p_e_r_l_o_p manpage.
%s argument is not a HASH element
(F) The argument to _d_e_l_e_t_e() or _e_x_i_s_t_s() must be a hash
element, such as
Page 1 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
$foo{$bar}
$ref->[12]->{"susie"}
%s did not return a true value
(F) A required (or used) file must return a true value
to indicate that it compiled correctly and ran its
initialization code correctly. It's traditional to end
such a file with a "1;", though any true value would do.
See the require entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
%s found where operator expected
(S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
operator. If it sees what it knows to be a term when it
was expecting to see an operator, it gives you this
warning. Usually it indicates that an operator or
delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
%s had compilation errors.
(F) The final summary message when a perl -c fails.
%s has too many errors.
(F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program
after 10 errors. Further error messages would likely be
uninformative.
%s matches null string many times
(W) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite
loop if the regular expression engine didn't
specifically check for that. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e manpage.
%s never introduced
(S) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went
out of scope before it could possibly have been used.
%s syntax OK
(F) The final summary message when a perl -c succeeds.
----PPPP not allowed for setuid/setgid script
(F) The script would have to be opened by the C
preprocessor by name, which provides a race condition
that breaks security.
-T and -B not implemented on filehandles
(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles
when it doesn't know about your kind of stdio. You'll
have to use a filename instead.
?+* follows nothing in regexp
(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier.
Backslash it if you meant it literally. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e
manpage.
Page 2 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
@ outside of string
(F) You had a pack template that specified an absolution
position outside the string being unpacked. See the
pack entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
accept() on closed fd
(W) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did
you forget to check the return value of your _s_o_c_k_e_t()
call? See the accept entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Allocation too large: %lx
(F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MSDOS
machine.
Arg too short for msgsnd
(F) _m_s_g_s_n_d() requires a string at least as long as
_s_i_z_e_o_f(long).
Args must match #! line
(F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl
was invoked with match the arguments specified on the #!
line.
Argument
(W) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
operator that expected a numeric value instead. If
you're fortunate the message will identify which
operator was so unfortunate.
Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
(D) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in
some spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
assertion botched: %s
(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an
internal failure.
Assertion failed: file
(P) A general assertion failed. The file in question
must be examined.
Assignment to both a list and a scalar
(F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and
3rd arguments must either both be scalars or both be
lists. Otherwise Perl won't know which context to
supply to the right side.
Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
(P) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
arenas that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV
was discovered to be outside any of those arenas.
Page 3 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Attempt to free temp prematurely
(W) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
_f_r_e_e__t_m_p_s() routine. This indicates that something else
is freeing the SV before the _f_r_e_e__t_m_p_s() routine gets a
chance, which means that the _f_r_e_e__t_m_p_s() routine will be
freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does try to free
it.
Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
(P) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol
aliases.
Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
(W) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a
scalar to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that
it had already gone to 0 earlier, and should have been
freed, and in fact, probably was freed. This could
indicate that _S_v_R_E_F_C_N_T__d_e_c() was called too many times,
or that _S_v_R_E_F_C_N_T__i_n_c() was called too few times, or that
the SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or
that memory has been corrupted.
Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
(F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of
_m_s_g_c_t_l(), _s_e_m_c_t_l() or _s_h_m_c_t_l(). In C parlance, the
correct sized are, respectively,
sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *) and
sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).
Bad associative array
(P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null
HV pointer.
Bad filehandle: %s
(F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a
filehandle, but the symbol has no filehandle associated
with it. Perhaps you didn't do an _o_p_e_n(), or did it in
another package.
Bad free() ignored
(S) An internal routine called _f_r_e_e() on something that
had never been _m_a_l_l_o_c()ed in the first place.
Bad name after %s::
(F) You started to name a symbol by using a package
prefix, and then didn't finish the symbol. In
particular, you can't interpolate outside of quotes, so
$var = 'myvar';
$sym = mypack::$var;
is not the same as
Page 4 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
$var = 'myvar';
$sym = "mypack::$var";
Bad symbol for array
(P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to
something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
Bad symbol for filehandle
(P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry
to something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
Bad symbol for hash
(P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to
something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a
BEGIN subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the
interpreter is exited.
bind() on closed fd
(W) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you
forget to check the return value of your _s_o_c_k_e_t() call?
See the bind entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Callback called exit
(F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via
_p_e_r_l__c_a_l_l__s_v() exited by calling exit.
Can't
(F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the
current block, except that there's this itty bitty
problem called there isn't a current block. Note that
an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
block. You can usually double the curlies to get the
same effect though, since the inner curlies will be
considered a block that loops once. See the last entry
in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Can't
(F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the
current block, but there isn't a current block. Note
that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
"loopish" block. You can usually double the curlies to
get the same effect though, since the inner curlies will
be considered a block that loops once. See the last
entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Can't
(F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the
current block, but there isn't a current block. Note
Page 5 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
"loopish" block. You can usually double the curlies to
get the same effect though, since the inner curlies will
be considered a block that loops once. See the last
entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Can't bless non-reference value
(F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how
Perl "enforces" encapsulation of objects. See the
_p_e_r_l_o_b_j manpage.
Can't break at that line
(S) A warning intended for while running within the
debugger, indicating the line number specified wasn't
the location of a statement that could be stopped at.
Can't call method
(F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly
indicated a package functioning as a class, but that
package doesn't have ANYTHING defined in it, let alone
methods. See the _p_e_r_l_o_b_j manpage.
Can't call method
(F) A method call must know what package it's supposed
to run in. It ordinarily finds this out from the object
reference you supply, but you didn't supply an object
reference in this case. A reference isn't an object
reference until it has been blessed. See the _p_e_r_l_o_b_j
manpage.
Can't call method
(F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot
filled by the object reference or package name contains
an expression that returns neither an object reference
nor a package name. (Perhaps it's null?) Something like
this will reproduce the error:
$BADREF = undef;
process $BADREF 1,2,3;
$BADREF->process(1,2,3);
Can't chdir to %s
(F) You called perl -x/foo/bar, but /foo/bar is not a
directory that you can chdir to, possibly because it
doesn't exist.
Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol
table entries (type GLOB), can't be forced to stop being
what they are. So you can't say things like:
Page 6 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
*foo += 1;
You CAN say
$foo = *foo;
$foo += 1;
but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
Can't coerce %s to number in %s
(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol
table entries (type GLOB), can't be forced to stop being
what they are.
Can't coerce %s to string in %s
(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol
table entries (type GLOB), can't be forced to stop being
what they are.
Can't create pipe mailbox
(F) An error peculiar to VMS.
Can't declare %s in my
(F) Only scalar, array and hash variables may be
declared as lexical variables. They must have ordinary
identifiers as names.
Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
(S) The creation of the new file failed for the
indicated reason.
Can't do inplace edit without backup
(F) You're on a system such as MSDOS that gets confused
if you try reading from a deleted (but still opened)
file. You have to say ----iiii.bak, or some such.
Can't do inplace edit: %s > 14 characters
(S) There isn't enough room in the filename to make a
backup name for the file.
Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
(S) You tried to use the ----iiii switch on a special file,
such as a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was
ignored.
Can't do setegid!
(P) The _s_e_t_e_g_i_d() call failed for some reason in the
setuid emulator of suidperl.
Can't do seteuid!
(P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some
reason.
Page 7 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Can't do setuid
(F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to
exec suidperl to do setuid emulation, but couldn't exec
it. It looks for a name of the form sperl5.000 in the
same directory that the perl executable resides under
the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix
machines. If the file is there, check the execute
permissions. If it isn't, ask your sysadmin why he
and/or she removed it.
Can't do waitpid with flags
(F) This machine doesn't have either _w_a_i_t_p_i_d() or
_w_a_i_t_4(), so only _w_a_i_t_p_i_d() without flags is emulated.
Can't do {n,m} with n > m
(F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you
really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just
put {0}. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e manpage.
Can't emulate -%s on #! line
(F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make
sense at this point. For example, it'd be kind of silly
to put a ----xxxx on the #! line.
Can't exec
(W) An _s_y_s_t_e_m(), _e_x_e_c() or piped open call could not
execute the named program for the indicated reason.
Typical reasons include: the permissions were wrong on
the file, the file wasn't found in $ENV{PATH}, the
executable in question was compiled for another
architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons. (Or
maybe your system doesn't support #! at all.)
Can't exec %s
(F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for
you because that's what the #! line said. If that's not
what you wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the
#! line somewhere.
Can't execute %s
(F) You used the ----SSSS switch, but the script to execute
could not be found in the PATH, or at least not with the
correct permissions.
Can't find label %s
(F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned
anywhere that it's possible for us to go to. See the
goto entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
(F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This
Page 8 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
message means that the closing delimiter was omitted.
Since bracketed quotes count nesting levels, the
following is missing its final parenthesis:
print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.)
Can't fork
(F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while
opening a pipeline.
Can't get pipe mailbox device name
(F) An error peculiar to VMS.
Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
(F) An error peculiar to VMS.
Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
(F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only
replace one subroutine call for another. It can't
manufacture one out of whole cloth. In general you
should only be calling it out of an AUTOLOAD routine
anyway. See the goto entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Can't locate %s in @INC
(F) You said to do (or require, or use) a file that
couldn't be found in any of the libraries mentioned in
@INC. Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB environment
variable to say where the extra library is, or maybe the
script needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe
you just misspelled the name of the file. See the
require entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Can't locate object method
(F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly
indicated a package functioning as a class, but that
package doesn't define that particular method, nor does
any of it's base classes. See the _p_e_r_l_o_b_j manpage.
Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
(W) The @ISA array contained the name of another package
that doesn't seem to exist.
Can't mktemp()
(F) The _m_k_t_e_m_p() routine failed for some reason while
trying to process a ----eeee switch. Maybe your /tmp
partition is full, or clobbered.
Can't modify %s in %s
(F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated,
or otherwise try to change it, such as with an
autoincrement.
Page 9 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Can't modify non-existent substring
(P) The internal routine that does assignment to a
_s_u_b_s_t_r() was handed a NULL.
Can't msgrcv to readonly var
(F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable in order
to be used as a receive buffer.
Can't open %s: %s
(S) An inplace edit couldn't open the original file for
the indicated reason. Usually this is because you don't
have read permission for the file.
Can't open bidirectional pipe
(W) You tried to say open(CMD, "|cmd|"), which is not
supported. You can try any of several modules in the
Perl library to do this, such as "open2.pl".
Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
">", and then read it in under a different file handle.
Can't open perl script
(F) The script you specified can't be opened for the
indicated reason.
Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
(S) The rename done by the ----iiii switch failed for some
reason, probably because you don't have write permission
to the directory.
Can't reswap uid and euid
(P) The _s_e_t_r_e_u_i_d() call failed for some reason in the
setuid emulator of suidperl.
Can't return outside a subroutine
(F) The return statement was executed in mainline code,
that is, where there was no subroutine call to return
out of. See the _p_e_r_l_s_u_b manpage.
Can't stat script
(P) For some reason you can't _f_s_t_a_t() the script even
though you have it open already. Bizarre.
Can't swap uid and euid
(P) The _s_e_t_r_e_u_i_d() call failed for some reason in the
setuid emulator of suidperl.
Can't take log of %g
(F) Logarithms are only defined on positive real
numbers.
Can't take sqrt of %g
(F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square
Page 10 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
root of a negative number. There's a Complex package
available for Perl, though, if you really want to do
that.
Can't undef active subroutine
(F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently
running. You can, however, redefine it while it's
running, and you can even undef the redefined subroutine
while the old routine is running. Go figure.
Can't unshift
(F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be
unshifted, such as the main Perl stack.
Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
(P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an
SV, making it into a more specialized kind of SV. The
top several SV types are so specialized, however, that
they cannot be interconverted. This message indicates
that such a conversion was attempted.
Can't upgrade to undef
(P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in
the scheme of upgradability. Upgrading to undef
indicates an error in the code calling sv_upgrade.
Can't use %s as left arg of an implicit ->
(F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed
expression as a subscript to an array reference. But to
the left of the brackets was an expression that didn't
end in an arrow (->), or look like a subscripted
expression. Only subscripted expressions with multiple
subscripts are allowed to omit the intervening arrow.
Can't use %s for loop variable
(F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop
variable on a foreach.
Can't use %s ref as %s ref
(F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to
dereference a reference of the type needed. You can use
the _r_e_f() function to test the type of the reference, if
need be.
Can't use a string as %s ref while
(F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs".
Symbolic references are disallowed. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e_f
manpage.
Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a
symbolic reference must be a defined value. This helps
Page 11 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
to de-lurk some insidious errors.
Can't use delimiter brackets within expression
(F) The ${name} construct is for disambiguating
identifiers in strings, not in ordinary code.
Can't use global %s in
(F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical
variable. This is not allowed, because the magic can
only be tied to one location (namely the global
variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to have
variables in your program that looked like magical
variables but weren't.
Can't write to temp file for ----eeee: %s
(F) The write routine failed for some reason while
trying to process a ----eeee switch. Maybe your /tmp
partition is full, or clobbered.
Can't x= to readonly value
(F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the
undefined value) with an assignment operator, which
implies modifying the value itself. Perhaps you need to
copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
Cannot open temporary file
(F) The create routine failed for some reaon while
trying to process a ----eeee switch. Maybe your /tmp
partition is full, or clobbered.
chmod: mode argument is missing initial 0
(W) A novice will sometimes say
chmod 777, $filename
not realizing that 777 will be interpreted as a decimal
number, equivalent to 01411. Octal constants are
introduced with a leading 0 in Perl, as in C.
Close on unopened file <%s>
(W) You tried to close a filehandle that was never
opened.
connect() on closed fd
(W) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did
you forget to check the return value of your _s_o_c_k_e_t()
call? See the connect entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an
internal failure.
Page 12 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
corrupted regexp pointers
(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what
the regular expression compiler gave it.
corrupted regexp program
(P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp
program without a valid magic number.
Deep recursion on subroutine
(W) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
indirectly) 100 times than it has returned. This
probably indicates an infinite recursion, unless you're
writing strange benchmark programs, in which case it
indicates something else.
Did you mean $ instead of %?
(W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant
$hash{$key}.
Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
(P) The internal handling of magical variables has been
cursed.
do_study: out of memory
(P) This should have been caught by _s_a_f_e_m_a_l_l_o_c()
instead.
Duplicate free() ignored
(S) An internal routine called _f_r_e_e() on something that
had already been freed.
END failed--cleanup aborted
(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing an
END subroutine. The interpreter is immediately exited.
Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
(F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation
fails.
Exiting eval via %s
(W) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means,
such as a a goto, or a loop control statement.
Exiting subroutine via %s
(W) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional
means, such as a a goto, or a loop control statement.
Exiting substitution via %s
(W) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional
means, such as a a return, a goto, or a loop control
statement.
Page 13 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Fatal $PUTMSG error: %d
(F) An error peculiar to VMS.
fcntl is not implemented
(F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement _f_c_n_t_l().
What is this, a PDP-11 or something?
Filehandle %s never opened
(W) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that
was never initialized. You need to do an _o_p_e_n() or a
_s_o_c_k_e_t() call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle
package.
Filehandle %s opened only for input
(W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If
you intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you
needed to open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of
with "<" or nothing. If you only intended to write the
file, use ">" or ">>". See the open entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Filehandle only opened for input
(W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If
you intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you
needed to open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of
with "<" or nothing. If you only intended to write the
file, use ">" or ">>". See the open entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Final $ should be \$ or $name
(F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string
was meant to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to
introduce a variable name that happens to be missing.
So you have to put either the backslash or the name.
Final @ should be \@ or @name
(F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string
was meant to be a literal "at" sign, or was meant to
introduce a variable name that happens to be missing.
So you have to put either the backslash or the name.
Format %s redefined
(W) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning,
say
{
local $^W = 0;
eval "format NAME =...";
}
Page 14 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Format not terminated
(F) A format must be terminated by a line with a
solitary dot. Perl got to the end of your file without
finding such a line.
Found = in conditional, should be ==
(W) You said
if ($foo = 123)
when you meant
if ($foo == 123)
(or something like that).
gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key
(S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store
failed.
gethostent not implemented
(F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement
_g_e_t_h_o_s_t_e_n_t(), probably because if it did, it'd feel
morally obligated to return every hostname on the
Internet.
get{sock,peer}name() on closed fd
(W) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
closed socket. Did you forget to check the return value
of your _s_o_c_k_e_t() call?
Glob not terminated
(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where
it was expecting a term, so it's looking for the
corresponding right angle bracket, and not finding it.
Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier
in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
Global symbol
(F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that
all variables must either be lexically scoped (using
"my"), or explicitly qualified to say which package the
global variable is in (using "::").
goto must have label
(F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to
goto an unspecified destination. See the goto entry in
the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Had to create %s unexpectedly
(S) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table
that ought to have existed already, but for some reason
Page 15 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
it didn't, and had to be created on an emergency basis
to prevent a core dump.
Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
(D) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in
some spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
Identifier
(W) Typographical errors often show up as unique
identifiers. If you had a good reason for having a
unique identifier, then just mention it again somehow to
suppress the message.
Illegal division by zero
(F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something
was wrong in your logic, or you need to put a
conditional in to guard against meaningless input.
Illegal modulus zero
(F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the
remainder. Most numbers don't take to this kindly.
Illegal octal digit
(F) You used an 8 or 9 in a octal number.
Insecure dependency in %s
(F) You tried to do something that the tainting
mechanism didn't like. The tainting mechanism is turned
on when you're running setuid or setgid, or when you
specify ----TTTT to turn it on explicitly. The tainting
mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
indirectly from the user, who is considered to be
unworthy of your trust. If any such data is used in a
"dangerous" operation, you get this error. See the
_p_e_r_l_s_e_c manpage for more information.
Insecure directory in %s
(F) You can't use _s_y_s_t_e_m(), _e_x_e_c(), or a piped open in a
setuid or setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a
directory that is writable by the world. See the
_p_e_r_l_s_e_c manpage.
Insecure PATH
(F) You can't use _s_y_s_t_e_m(), _e_x_e_c(), or a piped open in a
setuid or setgid script if $ENV{PATH} is derived from
data supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user.
The script must set the path to a known value, using
trustworthy data. See the _p_e_r_l_s_e_c manpage.
internal disaster in regexp
(P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression
parser.
Page 16 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
internal urp in regexp at /%s/
(P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression
parser.
invalid [] range in regexp
(F) The range specified in a character class had a
minimum character greater than the maximum character.
See the _p_e_r_l_r_e manpage.
ioctl is not implemented
(F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement _i_o_c_t_l(),
which is pretty strange for a machine that supports C.
junk on end of regexp
(P) The regular expression parser is confused.
Label not found for
(F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not
currently in a loop of that name, not even if you count
where you were called from. See the last entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Label not found for
(F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not
currently in a loop of that name, not even if you count
where you were called from. See the last entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Label not found for
(F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not
currently in a loop of that name, not even if you count
where you were called from. See the last entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
listen() on closed fd
(W) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did
you forget to check the return value of your _s_o_c_k_e_t()
call? See the listen entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Literal @%s now requires backslash
(F) It used to be that Perl would try to guess whether
you wanted an array interpolated or a literal @. It did
this when the string was first used at runtime. Now
strings are parsed at compile time, and ambiguous
instances of @ must be disambiguated, either by putting
a backslash to indicate a literal, or by declaring (or
using) the array within the program before the string
(lexically). (Someday it will simply assume that an
unbackslashed @ interpolates an array.)
Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an
Page 17 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
overloading table that doesn't somehow point to a valid
method. See the _p_e_r_l_o_v_l manpage.
Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
(S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may
have been caused by a missing delimiter on a string or
pattern, because it eventually ended earlier on the
current line.
Misplaced _ in number
(W) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on a 3-
digit boundary.
Missing $ on loop variable
(F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much.
Variables are always mentioned with the $ in Perl,
unlike in the shells, where it can vary from one line to
the next.
Missing comma after first argument to %s function
(F) While certain functions allow you to specify a
filehandle or an "indirect object" before the argument
list, this ain't one of them.
Missing right bracket
(F) The lexer counted more opening curly brackets
(braces) than closing ones. As a general rule, you'll
find it's missing near the place you were last editing.
Missing semicolon on previous line?
(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with
the message "%s found where operator expected". Don't
automatically put a semicolon on the previous line just
because you saw this message.
Modification of a read-only value attempted
(F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the
value of a constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 =
1", since the compiler catches that. But an easy way to
do the same thing is:
sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
mod(2);
Another way is to assign to a _s_u_b_s_t_r() that's off the
end of the string.
Modification of non-
creatable array value attempted, subscript %d
(F) You tried to make an array value spring into
existence, and the subscript was probably negative, even
counting from end of the array backwards.
Page 18 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Modification of non-
creatable hash value attempted, subscript
(F) You tried to make a hash value spring into
existence, and it couldn't be created for some peculiar
reason.
Module name must be constant
(F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first
argument to a "use".
msg%s not implemented
(F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
(W) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like
$foo[1,2,3]. They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in
C.
Negative length
(F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation
with a buffer length that is less than 0. This is
difficult to imagine.
nested *?+ in regexp
(F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
parens. So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal.
Note, however, that the minimal matching quantifiers,
*?, +? and ?? appear to be nested quantifiers, but
aren't. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e manpage.
No #! line
(F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a
well-formed #! line even on machines that don't support
the #! construct.
No %s allowed while running setuid
(F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for
a setuid or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt.
Generally speaking there will be another way to do what
you want that is, if not secure, at least securable.
See the _p_e_r_l_s_e_c manpage.
No ----eeee allowed in setuid scripts
(F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
No comma allowed after %s
(F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect
object" is not allowed to have a comma between that and
the following arguments. Otherwise it'd be just another
one of the arguments.
Page 19 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
No DB::DB routine defined
(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the
----dddd switch, but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or
some facsimile thereof) didn't define a routine to be
called at the beginning of each statement. Which is
odd, because the file should have been required
automatically, and should have blown up the require if
it didn't parse right.
No dbm on this machine
(P) This is counted as an internal error, because every
machine should supply dbm nowadays, since Perl comes
with SDBM. See the _S_D_B_M__F_i_l_e manpage.
No DBsub routine
(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the
----dddd switch, but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or
some facsimile thereof) didn't define a DB::sub routine
to be called at the beginning of each ordinary
subroutine call.
No Perl script found in input
(F) You called perl -x, but no line was found in the
file beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".
No setregid available
(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the
_s_e_t_r_e_g_i_d() call for your system.
No setreuid available
(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the
_s_e_t_r_e_u_i_d() call for your system.
No space allowed after ----IIII
(F) The argument to ----IIII must follow the ----IIII immediately
with no intervening space.
No such signal: SIG%s
(W) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG
that was not recognized. Say kill -l in your shell to
see the valid signal names on your system.
Not a CODE reference
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code
value (that is, a subroutine), but found a reference to
something else instead. You can use the _r_e_f() function
to find out what kind of ref it really was. See also
the _p_e_r_l_r_e_f manpage.
Not a format reference
(F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference
to an anonymous format, but this indicates you did, and
Page 20 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
that it didn't exist.
Not a GLOB reference
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "type
glob" (that is, a symbol table entry that looks like
*foo), but found a reference to something else instead.
You can use the _r_e_f() function to find out what kind of
ref it really was. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e_f manpage.
Not a HASH reference
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash
value, but found a reference to something else instead.
You can use the _r_e_f() function to find out what kind of
ref it really was. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e_f manpage.
Not a perl script
(F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a
well-formed #! line even on machines that don't support
the #! construct. The line must mention perl.
Not a SCALAR reference
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar
value, but found a reference to something else instead.
You can use the _r_e_f() function to find out what kind of
ref it really was. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e_f manpage.
Not a subroutine reference
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code
value (that is, a subroutine), but found a reference to
something else instead. You can use the _r_e_f() function
to find out what kind of ref it really was. See also
the _p_e_r_l_r_e_f manpage.
Not a subroutine reference in %OVERLOAD
(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an
overloading table that doesn't somehow point to a valid
subroutine. See the _p_e_r_l_o_v_l manpage.
Not an ARRAY reference
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array
value, but found a reference to something else instead.
You can use the _r_e_f() function to find out what kind of
ref it really was. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e_f manpage.
Not enough arguments for %s
(F) The function requires more arguments than you
specified.
Not enough format arguments
(W) A format specified more picture fields than the next
line supplied. See the _p_e_r_l_f_o_r_m manpage.
Page 21 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Null filename used
(F) You can't require the null filename, especially
since on many machines that means the current directory!
See the require entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
NULL OP IN RUN
(P) Some internal routine called _r_u_n() with a null
opcode pointer.
Null realloc
(P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
NULL regexp argument
(P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it
bigtime.
NULL regexp parameter
(P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of
their gourd.
Odd number of elements in hash list
(S) You specified an odd number of elements to a hash
list, which is odd, since hash lists come in key/value
pairs.
oops: oopsAV
(S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
oops: oopsHV
(S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
Operation `%s' %s: no method found,
(F) An attempt was made to use an entry in an
overloading table that somehow no longer points to a
valid method. See the _p_e_r_l_o_v_l manpage.
Out of memory for yacc stack
(F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could
continue parsing, but _r_e_a_l_l_o_c() wouldn't give it more
memory, virtual or otherwise.
Out of memory!
(X) The _m_a_l_l_o_c() function returned 0, indicating there
was insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to
satisfy the request.
page overflow
(W) A single call to _w_r_i_t_e() produced more lines than
can fit on a page. See the _p_e_r_l_f_o_r_m manpage.
panic: ck_grep
(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to
Page 22 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
compile a grep.
panic: ck_split
(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to
compile a split.
panic: corrupt saved stack index
(P) The savestack was requested to restore more
localized values than there are in the savestack.
panic: die %s
(P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and
then discovered it wasn't an eval context.
panic: do_match
(P) The internal _p_p__m_a_t_c_h() routine was called with
invalid operational data.
panic: do_split
(P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the
split.
panic: do_subst
(P) The internal _p_p__s_u_b_s_t() routine was called with
invalid operational data.
panic: do_trans
(P) The internal _d_o__t_r_a_n_s() routine was called with
invalid operational data.
panic: goto
(P) We popped the context stack to a context with the
specified label, and then discovered it wasn't a context
we know how to do a goto in.
panic: INTERPCASEMOD
(P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
panic: INTERPCONCAT
(P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with
brackets.
panic: last
(P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and
then discovered it wasn't a block context.
panic: leave_scope clearsv
(P) A writable lexical variable became readonly somehow
within the scope.
panic: leave_scope inconsistency
(P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least,
Page 23 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
there was an invalid enum on the top of it.
panic: malloc
(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of
malloc.
panic: mapstart
(P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the _m_a_p()
function.
panic: null array
(P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null
AV pointer.
panic: pad_alloc
(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it
was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
from.
panic: pad_free curpad
(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it
was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
from.
panic: pad_free po
(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected
internally.
panic: pad_reset curpad
(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it
was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
from.
panic: pad_sv po
(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected
internally.
panic: pad_swipe curpad
(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it
was allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals
from.
panic: pad_swipe po
(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected
internally.
panic: pp_iter
(P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop
context frame.
panic: realloc
(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of
Page 24 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
realloc.
panic: restartop
(P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something
like it), and didn't supply the destination.
panic: return
(P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval
context, and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or
eval context.
panic: scan_num
(P) _s_c_a_n__n_u_m() got called on something that wasn't a
number.
panic: sv_insert
(P) The _s_v__i_n_s_e_r_t() routine was told to remove more
string than there was string.
panic: top_env
(P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something
weird like that.
panic: yylex
(P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a
case modifier.
Parens missing around
(W) You said something like
my $foo, $bar = @_;
when you meant
my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
Remember that "my" and "local" bind closer than comma.
Perl %3.3f required--this is only version %s, stopped
(F) The module in question uses features of a version of
Perl more recent than the currently running version.
How long has it been since you upgraded, anyway? See
the require entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Permission denied
(F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up
to no good.
POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
(F) Your C compiler uses POSIX _g_e_t_p_g_r_p(), which takes no
argument, unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.
Page 25 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
(F) An _i_o_c_t_l() or _f_c_n_t_l() returned more than Perl was
bargaining for. Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size,
but puts a sentinel byte at the end of the buffer just
in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and Perl
assumes that memory is now corrupted. See the ioctl
entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
(S) The old irregular construct
open FOO || die;
is now misinterpreted as
open(FOO || die);
because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar
into unary and list operators. (The old open was a
little of both.) You must put parens around the
filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead of
"||".
print on closed filehandle %s
(W) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed
sometime before now. Check your logic flow.
printf on closed filehandle %s
(W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
sometime before now. Check your logic flow.
Probable precedence problem on %s
(W) The compiler found a bare word where it expected a
conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was
parsed as part of the last argument of the previous
construct, for example:
open FOO || die;
Read on closed filehandle <%s>
(W) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed
sometime before now. Check your logic flow.
Reallocation too large: %lx
(F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MSDOS
machine.
Recompile perl with ----DDDDDEBUGGING to use ----DDDD switch
(F) You can't use the ----DDDD option unless the code to
produce the desired output is compiled into Perl, which
entails some overhead, which is why it's currently left
Page 26 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
out of your copy.
Recursive inheritance detected
(F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used.
Probably indicates an unintended loop in your
inheritance hierarchy.
Reference miscount in sv_replace()
(W) The internal _s_v__r_e_p_l_a_c_e() function was handed a new
SV with a reference count of other than 1.
regexp memory corruption
(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what
the regular expression compiler gave it.
regexp out of space
(P) A "can't happen" error, because _s_a_f_e_m_a_l_l_o_c() should
have caught it earlier.
regexp too big
(F) The current implementation of regular expression
uses shorts as address offsets within a string.
Unfortunately this means that if the regular expression
compiles to longer than 32767, it'll blow up. Usually
when you want a regular expression this big, there is a
better way to do it with multiple statements. See the
_p_e_r_l_r_e manpage.
Reversed %s= operator
(W) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The =
must always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with
subsequent unary operators.
Runaway format
(F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank
sequence, but it produced 200 lines at once, and the
200th line looked exactly like the 199th line.
Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to
exhaust themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for
scalar variables), or by shifting or popping (for array
variables). See the _p_e_r_l_f_o_r_m manpage.
Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
(W) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to
select a single value of an array. Generally it's
better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The
difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves like a
scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating
its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when
you assign to it, and provides a list context to its
subscript, which can do weird things if you're only
expecting one subscript.
Page 27 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
(F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script
with its setuid or setgid bit set. This doesn't make
much sense.
Search pattern not terminated
(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a //
or m{} construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters
count nesting level.
seek() on unopened file
(W) You tried to use the _s_e_e_k() function on a filehandle
that was either never opened or has been closed since.
select not implemented
(F) This machine doesn't implement the _s_e_l_e_c_t() system
call.
sem%s not implemented
(F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your
system.
semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
(S) The internal _n_e_w_S_V_s_v() routine was called to
duplicate a scalar that had previously been marked as
free.
Semicolon seems to be missing
(W) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing
operator, such as a comma.
Send on closed socket
(W) The filehandle you're sending to got itself closed
sometime before now. Check your logic flow.
Sequence (?#... not terminated
(F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a
closing parenthesis. Embedded parens aren't allowed.
See the _p_e_r_l_r_e manpage.
Sequence (?%s...) not implemented
(F) A proposed regular expression extension has the
character reserved but has not yet been written. See
the _p_e_r_l_r_e manpage.
Sequence (?%s...) not recognized
(F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't
make sense. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e manpage.
setegid() not implemented
(F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system
Page 28 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
doesn't support the _s_e_t_e_g_i_d() system call (or
equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.
seteuid() not implemented
(F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system
doesn't support the _s_e_t_e_u_i_d() system call (or
equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.
setrgid() not implemented
(F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system
doesn't support the _s_e_t_r_g_i_d() system call (or
equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.
setruid() not implemented
(F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system
doesn't support the _s_e_t_r_u_i_d() system call (or
equivalent), or at least Configure didn't think so.
Setuid/gid script is writable by world
(F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is
writable by the world, because the world might have
written on it already.
shm%s not implemented
(F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your
system.
shutdown() on closed fd
(W) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket.
Seems a bit superfluous.
SIG%s handler
(W) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,
exist. Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
sort is now a reserved word
(F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever
runs into anymore. But before sort was a keyword,
people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
(F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You
probably blew it by not using C<<=> or cmp, or by not
using them correctly. See the sort entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Sort subroutine didn't return single value
(F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list
value with more or less than one element. See the sort
entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Page 29 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Split loop
(P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
split shouldn't iterate more times than there are
characters of input, which is what happened.) See the
split entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Stat on unopened file <%s>
(W) You tried to use the _s_t_a_t() function (or an
equivalent file test) on a filehandle that was either
never opened or has been closed since.
Statement unlikely to be reached
(W) You did an _e_x_e_c() with some statement after it other
than a _d_i_e(). This is almost always an error, because
_e_x_e_c() never returns unless there was a failure. You
probably wanted to use _s_y_s_t_e_m() instead, which does
return. To suppress this warning, put the _e_x_e_c() in a
block by itself.
Subroutine %s redefined
(W) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this
warning, say
{
local $^W = 0;
eval "sub name { ... }";
}
Substitution loop
(P) The substitution was looping infinitely.
(Obviously, a substitution shouldn't iterate more times
than there are characters of input, which is what
happened.) See the discussion of substitution in the
section on _Q_u_o_t_e _a_n_d _Q_u_o_t_e_l_i_k_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_o_r_s in the _p_e_r_l_o_p
manpage.
Substitution pattern not terminated
(F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a
s/// or s{}{} construct. Remember that bracketing
delimiters count nesting level.
Substitution replacement not terminated
(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a
s/// or s{}{} construct. Remember that bracketing
delimiters count nesting level.
substr outside of string
(W) You tried to reference a _s_u_b_s_t_r() that pointed
outside of a string. That is, the absolute value of the
offset was larger than the length of the string. See
the substr entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Page 30 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
suidperl is no longer needed since...
(F) Your Perl was compiled with
----DDDDSETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but a version of the
setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
syntax error
(F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common
reasons include:
A keyword is misspelled.
A semicolon is missing.
A comma is missing.
An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
An opening or closing brace is missing.
A closing quote is missing.
Often there will be another error message associated
with the syntax error giving more information.
(Sometimes it helps to turn on ----wwww.) The error message
itself often tells you where it was in the line when it
decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is
several tokens before this, since Perl is good at
understanding random input. Occasionally the line
number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon the
only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to
call perl -c repeatedly, chopping away half the program
each time to see if the error went away. Sort of the
cybernetic version of 20 questions.
System V IPC is not implemented on this machine
(F) You tried to do something with a function beginning
with "sem", "shm" or "msg". See the semctl entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage, for example.
Syswrite on closed filehandle
(W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
sometime before now. Check your logic flow.
tell() on unopened file
(W) You tried to use the _t_e_l_l() function on a filehandle
that was either never opened or has been closed since.
Test on unopened file <%s>
(W) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
filehandle that isn't open. Check your logic. See also
the section on -_X in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
That use of $[ is unsupported
(F) Assignment to $[ is now strictly circumscribed, and
interpreted as a compiler directive. You may only say
one of
Page 31 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
$[ = 0;
$[ = 1;
...
local $[ = 0;
local $[ = 1;
...
This is to prevent the problem of one module changing
the array base out from under another module
inadvertently. See the section on $[ in the _p_e_r_l_v_a_r
manpage.
The %s function is unimplemented
The function indicated isn't implemented on this
architecture, according to the probings of Configure.
The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
(F) Configure couldn't find the _c_r_y_p_t() function on your
machine, probably because your vendor didn't supply it,
probably because they think the U.S. Govermnment thinks
it's a secret, or at least that they will continue to
pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I will
deny it.
The stat preceding -l _ wasn't an lstat
(F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer
for symbolic linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the
stat buffer already went past the symlink to get to the
real file. Use an actual filename instead.
times not implemented
(F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do
_t_i_m_e_s(). I suspect you're not running on Unix.
Too few args to syscall
(F) There has to be at least one argument to _s_y_s_c_a_l_l()
to specify the system call to call, silly dilly.
Too many args to syscall
(F) Perl only supports a maximum of 14 args to
_s_y_s_c_a_l_l().
Too many arguments for %s
(F) The function requires fewer arguments than you
specified.
trailing \ in regexp
(F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed
backslash. Backslash it. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e manpage.
Translation pattern not terminated
(F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a
Page 32 (printed 6/30/95)
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tr/// or tr[][] construct.
Translation replacement not terminated
(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a
tr/// or tr[][] construct.
truncate not implemented
(F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation
mechanism that Configure knows about.
Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
(F) This function requires the argument in that position
to be of a certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or
@{EXPR}. Hashes must be %NAME or %{EXPR}. No implicit
dereferencing is allowed--use the {EXPR} forms as an
explicit dereference. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e_f manpage.
umask: argument is missing initial 0
(W) A umask of 222 is incorrect. It should be 0222,
since octal literals always start with 0 in Perl, as in
C.
Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
(W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
how many execution contexts were entered and left.
Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
(W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
how many values were temporarily localized.
Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
(W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
how many blocks were entered and left.
Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
(W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
Undefined format
(F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps
it's really in another package? See the _p_e_r_l_f_o_r_m
manpage.
Undefined sort subroutine
(F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem
to exist. Perhaps it's in a different package? See the
sort entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Undefined subroutine &%s called
(F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if
it was, it has since been undefined.
Page 33 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Undefined subroutine called
(F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call
hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has since been
undefined.
Undefined subroutine in sort
(F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared
but doesn't seem to have been defined yet. See the sort
entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
unexec of %s into %s failed!
(F) The _u_n_e_x_e_c() routine failed for some reason. See
your local FSF representative, who probably put it there
in the first place.
Unknown BYTEORDER
(F) There are no byteswapping functions for a machine
with this byte order.
unmatched () in regexp
(F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in
regular expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is
valuable for finding the matching paren. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e
manpage.
Unmatched right bracket
(F) The lexer counted more closing curly brackets
(braces) than opening ones, so you're probably missing
an opening bracket. As a general rule, you'll find the
missing one (so to speak) near the place you were last
editing.
unmatched [] in regexp
(F) The brackets around a character class must match.
If you wish to include a closing bracket in a character
class, backslash it or put it first. See the _p_e_r_l_r_e
manpage.
Unquoted string
(W) You used a bare word that might someday be claimed
as a reserved word. It's best to put such a word in
quotes, or capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar
into it. You might also declare it as a subroutine.
Unrecognized character \%03o ignored
(S) A garbage character was found in the input, and
ignored, in case it's a weird control character on an
EBCDIC machine, or some such.
Unrecognized signal name
(F) You specified a signal name to the _k_i_l_l() function
that was not recognized. Say kill -l in your shell to
Page 34 (printed 6/30/95)
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see the valid signal names on your system.
Unrecognized switch: -%s
(F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do
that. (If you think you didn't do that, check the #!
line to see if it's supplying the bad switch on your
behalf.)
Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
(W) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and
that operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename
contained a newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to
_c_h_o_p() or _c_h_o_m_p() it off. See the chop entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Unsupported directory function
(F) Your machine doesn't support _o_p_e_n_d_i_r() and
_r_e_a_d_d_i_r().
Unsupported function %s
(F) This machines doesn't implement the indicated
function, apparently. At least, Configure doesn't think
so.
Unsupported socket function
(F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket
mechanism, or at least that's what Configure thought.
Unterminated <> operator
(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where
it was expecting a term, so it's looking for the
corresponding right angle bracket, and not finding it.
Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier
in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
Use of $# is deprecated
(D) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly
defined awk feature. Use an explicit _p_r_i_n_t_f() or
_s_p_r_i_n_t_f() instead.
Use of $* is deprecated
(D) This variable magically turned on multiline pattern
matching, both for you and for any luckless subroutine
that you happen to call. You should use the new //m and
//s modifiers now to do that without the dangerous
action-at-a-distance effects of $*.
Use of %s is deprecated
(D) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for
use, generally because there's a better way to do it,
and also because the old way has bad side effects.
Page 35 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
(D) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you
clobber a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if
you assign the results of a _s_p_l_i_t() explicitly to an
array (or list).
Use of uninitialized value
(W) An undefined value was used as if it were already
defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe
it was a mistake. To suppress this warning assign an
initial value to your variables.
Useless use of %s in void context
(W) You did something without a side effect in a context
that does nothing with the return value, such as a
statement that doesn't return a value from a block, or
the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very often
this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure
of Perl to parse your program the way you thought it
would. For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
C precedence with Python precedence and said
$one, $two = 1, 2;
when you meant to say
($one, $two) = (1, 2);
Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly.
(S) The implicit _c_l_o_s_e() done by an _o_p_e_n() got an error
indication on the close(0. This usually indicates your
filesystem ran out of disk space.
Warning: Use of
(S) You wrote a unary operator followed by something
that looks like a binary operator that could also have
been interpreted as a term or unary operator. For
instance, if you know that the rand function has a
default argument of 1.0, and you write
rand + 5;
you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
rand() + 5;
but in actual fact, you got
rand(+5);
So put in parens to say what you really mean.
Page 36 (printed 6/30/95)
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Write on closed filehandle
(W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
sometime before now. Check your logic flow.
X outside of string
(F) You had a pack template that specified a relative
position before the beginning of the string being
unpacked. See the pack entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
x outside of string
(F) You had a pack template that specified a relative
position after the end of the string being unpacked.
See the pack entry in the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
Xsub
(F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort
comparison is not yet supported.
Xsub called in sort
(F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort
comparison is not yet supported.
You can't use -l on a filehandle
(F) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you
opened the file it already went past any symlink you are
presumably trying to look for. Use a filename instead.
YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
(F) And you probably never will, since you probably
don't have the sources to your kernel, and your vendor
probably doesn't give a rip about what you want. Your
best bet is to use the wrapsuid script in the eg
directory to put a setuid C wrapper around your script.
You need to quote
(W) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that
name declared, which means that Perl 5 will try to call
the subroutine when the assignment is executed, which is
probably not what you want. (If it IS what you want,
put an & in front.)
[gs]etsockopt() on closed fd
(W) You tried to get or set a socket option on a closed
socket. Did you forget to check the return value of
your _s_o_c_k_e_t() call? See the getsockopt entry in the
_p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage.
\1 better written as $1
(W) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
variables. The use of backslashes is grandfathered on
the righthand side of a substitution, but stylistically
Page 37 (printed 6/30/95)
PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 0000....0000 PPPPaaaattttcccchhhhlllleeeevvvveeeellll 00000000)))) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLDDDDIIIIAAAAGGGG((((1111))))
it's better to use the variable form because other Perl
programmers will expect it, and it works better if there
are more than 9 backreferences.
Page 38 (printed 6/30/95)
